walkthrough: echoserver¶

In this walkthrough, you'll

Create a cluster with EKS
Deploy an aws-load-balancer-controller
Create deployments and ingress resources in the cluster
Use external-dns to create a DNS record
- This assumes you have a route53 hosted zone available. Otherwise you can skip this, but you'll only be able to address the service from the ALB's DNS.

Create the EKS cluster¶

Install eksctl: https://eksctl.io

Create EKS cluster via eksctl

eksctl create cluster

2018-08-14T11:19:09-07:00 [ℹ]  setting availability zones to [us-west-2c us-west-2a us-west-2b]
2018-08-14T11:19:09-07:00 [ℹ]  importing SSH public key "/Users/kamador/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" as "eksctl-exciting-gopher-1534270749-b7:71:da:f6:f3:63:7a:ee:ad:7a:10:37:28:ff:44:d1"
2018-08-14T11:19:10-07:00 [ℹ]  creating EKS cluster "exciting-gopher-1534270749" in "us-west-2" region
2018-08-14T11:19:10-07:00 [ℹ]  creating ServiceRole stack "EKS-exciting-gopher-1534270749-ServiceRole"
2018-08-14T11:19:10-07:00 [ℹ]  creating VPC stack "EKS-exciting-gopher-1534270749-VPC"
2018-08-14T11:19:50-07:00 [✔]  created ServiceRole stack "EKS-exciting-gopher-1534270749-ServiceRole"
2018-08-14T11:20:30-07:00 [✔]  created VPC stack "EKS-exciting-gopher-1534270749-VPC"
2018-08-14T11:20:30-07:00 [ℹ]  creating control plane "exciting-gopher-1534270749"
2018-08-14T11:31:52-07:00 [✔]  created control plane "exciting-gopher-1534270749"
2018-08-14T11:31:52-07:00 [ℹ]  creating DefaultNodeGroup stack "EKS-exciting-gopher-1534270749-DefaultNodeGroup"
2018-08-14T11:35:33-07:00 [✔]  created DefaultNodeGroup stack "EKS-exciting-gopher-1534270749-DefaultNodeGroup"
2018-08-14T11:35:33-07:00 [✔]  all EKS cluster "exciting-gopher-1534270749" resources has been created
2018-08-14T11:35:33-07:00 [✔]  saved kubeconfig as "/Users/kamador/.kube/config"
2018-08-14T11:35:34-07:00 [ℹ]  the cluster has 0 nodes
2018-08-14T11:35:34-07:00 [ℹ]  waiting for at least 2 nodes to become ready
2018-08-14T11:36:05-07:00 [ℹ]  the cluster has 2 nodes
2018-08-14T11:36:05-07:00 [ℹ]  node "ip-192-168-139-176.us-west-2.compute.internal" is ready
2018-08-14T11:36:05-07:00 [ℹ]  node "ip-192-168-214-126.us-west-2.compute.internal" is ready
2018-08-14T11:36:05-07:00 [✔]  EKS cluster "exciting-gopher-1534270749" in "us-west-2" region is ready

Setup the AWS Load Balancer controller¶

Refer to the installation instructions to setup the controller

Verify the deployment was successful and the controller started.

kubectl logs -n kube-system $(kubectl get po -n kube-system | egrep -o 'aws-load-balancer-controller[a-zA-Z0-9-]+')

Should display output similar to the following.

{"level":"info","ts":1602778062.2588625,"logger":"setup","msg":"version","GitVersion":"v2.0.0-rc3-13-gcdc8f715-dirty","GitCommit":"cdc8f715919cc65ca8161b6083c4091222632d6b","BuildDate":"2020-10-15T15:58:31+0000"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.4515743,"logger":"controller-runtime.metrics","msg":"metrics server is starting to listen","addr":":8080"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.4536595,"logger":"controller-runtime.webhook","msg":"registering webhook","path":"/mutate-v1-pod"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.4537156,"logger":"controller-runtime.webhook","msg":"registering webhook","path":"/mutate-elbv2-k8s-aws-v1beta1-targetgroupbinding"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.4537542,"logger":"controller-runtime.webhook","msg":"registering webhook","path":"/validate-elbv2-k8s-aws-v1beta1-targetgroupbinding"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.4537594,"logger":"setup","msg":"starting manager"}
I1015 16:07:45.453851       1 leaderelection.go:242] attempting to acquire leader lease  kube-system/aws-load-balancer-controller-leader...
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.5544264,"logger":"controller-runtime.manager","msg":"starting metrics server","path":"/metrics"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.5544496,"logger":"controller-runtime.webhook.webhooks","msg":"starting webhook server"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.5549548,"logger":"controller-runtime.certwatcher","msg":"Updated current TLS certificate"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.5550802,"logger":"controller-runtime.webhook","msg":"serving webhook server","host":"","port":9443}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778065.5551715,"logger":"controller-runtime.certwatcher","msg":"Starting certificate watcher"}
I1015 16:08:03.662023       1 leaderelection.go:252] successfully acquired lease kube-system/aws-load-balancer-controller-leader
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.663017,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"targetGroupBinding","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6631303,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"targetGroupBinding","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6633205,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"ingress","source":"channel source: 0xc0007340f0"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6633654,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"ingress","source":"channel source: 0xc000734140"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6633892,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"ingress","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.663441,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"ingress","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6634624,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"ingress","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6635776,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"service","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.6636262,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting Controller","controller":"service"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.7634695,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting EventSource","controller":"targetGroupBinding","source":"kind source: /, Kind="}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.7637022,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting workers","controller":"service","worker count":3}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.7641861,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting Controller","controller":"ingress"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.8641882,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting Controller","controller":"targetGroupBinding"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.864236,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting workers","controller":"targetGroupBinding","worker count":3}
{"level":"info","ts":1602778083.8643816,"logger":"controller-runtime.controller","msg":"Starting workers","controller":"ingress","worker count":3}

Deploy the echoserver resources¶

Deploy all the echoserver resources (namespace, service, deployment)

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/v2.0.0/docs/examples/echoservice/echoserver-namespace.yaml &&\
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/v2.0.0/docs/examples/echoservice/echoserver-service.yaml &&\
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/v2.0.0/docs/examples/echoservice/echoserver-deployment.yaml

List all the resources to ensure they were created.

kubectl get -n echoserver deploy,svc

Should resolve similar to the following.

NAME             CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
svc/echoserver   10.3.31.76   <nodes>       80:31027/TCP   4d

NAME                DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deploy/echoserver   1         1         1            1           4d

Deploy ingress for echoserver¶

Download the echoserver ingress manifest locally.

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/v2.0.0/docs/examples/echoservice/echoserver-ingress.yaml

Configure the subnets, either by add annotation to the ingress or add tags to subnets. This step is optional in lieu of auto-discovery.

Tip

If you'd like to use external dns, alter the host field to a domain that you own in Route 53. Assuming you managed example.com in Route 53.

Edit the alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/subnets annotation to include at least two subnets.

eksctl get cluster exciting-gopher-1534270749

NAME                        VERSION STATUS         CREATED          VPC                     SUBNETS                             SECURITYGROUPS
exciting-gopher-1534270749  1.10    ACTIVE  2018-08-14T18:20:32Z    vpc-0aa01b07b3c922c9c   subnet-05e1c98ed0f5b109e,subnet-07f5bb81f661df61b,subnet-0a4e6232630820516  sg-05ceb5eee9fd7cac4

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
    name: echoserver
    namespace: echoserver
    annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/scheme: internet-facing
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/target-type: ip
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/subnets: subnet-05e1c98ed0f5b109e,subnet-07f5bb81f661df61b,subnet-0a4e6232630820516
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/tags: Environment=dev,Team=test
spec:
    rules:
    - host: echoserver.example.com
        http:
        paths:

Adding tags to subnets for auto-discovery(instead of alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/subnets annotation)

you must include the following tags on desired subnets.
- kubernetes.io/cluster/$CLUSTER_NAME where $CLUSTER_NAME is the same CLUSTER_NAME specified in the above step.
- kubernetes.io/role/internal-elb should be set to 1 or an empty tag value for internal load balancers.
- kubernetes.io/role/elb should be set to 1 or an empty tag value for internet-facing load balancers.
An example of a subnet with the correct tags for the cluster joshcalico is as follows.

Deploy the ingress resource for echoserver

kubectl apply -f echoserver-ingress.yaml

Verify the aws-load-balancer-controller creates the resources

kubectl logs -n kube-system $(kubectl get po -n kube-system | egrep -o 'aws-load-balancer-controller[a-zA-Z0-9-]+') | grep 'echoserver\/echoserver'

You should see similar to the following.

{"level":"info","ts":1602803965.264764,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"successfully built model","model":"{\"id\":\"echoserver/echoserver\",\"resources\":{\"AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup\":{\"ManagedLBSecurityGroup\":{\"spec\":{\"groupName\":\"k8s-echoserv-echoserv-4e1e34cae5\",\"description\":\"[k8s] Managed SecurityGroup for LoadBalancer\",\"tags\":{\"Environment\":\"dev\",\"Team\":\"test\"},\"ingress\":[{\"ipProtocol\":\"tcp\",\"fromPort\":80,\"toPort\":80,\"ipRanges\":[{\"cidrIP\":\"0.0.0.0/0\"}]}]}}},\"AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener\":{\"80\":{\"spec\":{\"loadBalancerARN\":{\"$ref\":\"#/resources/AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer/LoadBalancer/status/loadBalancerARN\"},\"port\":80,\"protocol\":\"HTTP\",\"defaultActions\":[{\"type\":\"fixed-response\",\"fixedResponseConfig\":{\"contentType\":\"text/plain\",\"statusCode\":\"404\"}}]}}},\"AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::ListenerRule\":{\"80:1\":{\"spec\":{\"listenerARN\":{\"$ref\":\"#/resources/AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener/80/status/listenerARN\"},\"priority\":1,\"actions\":[{\"type\":\"forward\",\"forwardConfig\":{\"targetGroups\":[{\"targetGroupARN\":{\"$ref\":\"#/resources/AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup/echoserver/echoserver-echoserver:80/status/targetGroupARN\"}}]}}],\"conditions\":[{\"field\":\"host-header\",\"hostHeaderConfig\":{\"values\":[\"echoserver.example.com\"]}},{\"field\":\"path-pattern\",\"pathPatternConfig\":{\"values\":[\"/\"]}}]}}},\"AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer\":{\"LoadBalancer\":{\"spec\":{\"name\":\"k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d4d6bd65d0\",\"type\":\"application\",\"scheme\":\"internet-facing\",\"ipAddressType\":\"ipv4\",\"subnetMapping\":[{\"subnetID\":\"subnet-01b35707c23b0a43b\"},{\"subnetID\":\"subnet-0f7814a7ab4dfcc2c\"}],\"securityGroups\":[{\"$ref\":\"#/resources/AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup/ManagedLBSecurityGroup/status/groupID\"}],\"tags\":{\"Environment\":\"dev\",\"Team\":\"test\"}}}},\"AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup\":{\"echoserver/echoserver-echoserver:80\":{\"spec\":{\"name\":\"k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d989093207\",\"targetType\":\"instance\",\"port\":1,\"protocol\":\"HTTP\",\"healthCheckConfig\":{\"port\":\"traffic-port\",\"protocol\":\"HTTP\",\"path\":\"/\",\"matcher\":{\"httpCode\":\"200\"},\"intervalSeconds\":15,\"timeoutSeconds\":5,\"healthyThresholdCount\":2,\"unhealthyThresholdCount\":2},\"tags\":{\"Environment\":\"dev\",\"Team\":\"test\"}}}},\"K8S::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroupBinding\":{\"echoserver/echoserver-echoserver:80\":{\"spec\":{\"template\":{\"metadata\":{\"name\":\"k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d989093207\",\"namespace\":\"echoserver\",\"creationTimestamp\":null},\"spec\":{\"targetGroupARN\":{\"$ref\":\"#/resources/AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup/echoserver/echoserver-echoserver:80/status/targetGroupARN\"},\"targetType\":\"instance\",\"serviceRef\":{\"name\":\"echoserver\",\"port\":80},\"networking\":{\"ingress\":[{\"from\":[{\"securityGroup\":{\"groupID\":{\"$ref\":\"#/resources/AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup/ManagedLBSecurityGroup/status/groupID\"}}}],\"ports\":[{\"protocol\":\"TCP\"}]}]}}}}}}}}"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803966.411922,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"creating targetGroup","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"echoserver/echoserver-echoserver:80"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803966.6606336,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"created targetGroup","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"echoserver/echoserver-echoserver:80","arn":"arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-west-2:019453415603:targetgroup/k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d989093207/63225ae3ead3deb6"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803966.798019,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"creating loadBalancer","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"LoadBalancer"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803967.5472538,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"created loadBalancer","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"LoadBalancer","arn":"arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-west-2:019453415603:loadbalancer/app/k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d4d6bd65d0/4b4ebe8d6e1ef0c1"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803967.5863476,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"creating listener","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"80"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803967.6436293,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"created listener","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"80","arn":"arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-west-2:019453415603:listener/app/k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d4d6bd65d0/4b4ebe8d6e1ef0c1/6e13477f9d840da0"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803967.6528971,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"creating listener rule","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"80:1"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803967.7160048,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"created listener rule","stackID":"echoserver/echoserver","resourceID":"80:1","arn":"arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-west-2:019453415603:listener-rule/app/k8s-echoserv-echoserv-d4d6bd65d0/4b4ebe8d6e1ef0c1/6e13477f9d840da0/23ef859380e792e8"}
{"level":"info","ts":1602803967.8484688,"logger":"controllers.ingress","msg":"successfully deployed model","ingressGroup":"echoserver/echoserver"}

Check the events of the ingress to see what has occur.

kubectl describe ing -n echoserver echoserver

You should see similar to the following.

Name:                   echoserver
Namespace:              echoserver
Address:                joshcalico-echoserver-echo-2ad7-1490890749.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com
Default backend:        default-http-backend:80 (10.2.1.28:8080)
Rules:
  Host                          Path    Backends
  ----                          ----    --------
  echoserver.joshrosso.com
                                /       echoserver:80 (<none>)
Annotations:
Events:
  FirstSeen     LastSeen        Count   From                    SubObjectPath   Type            Reason  Message
  ---------     --------        -----   ----                    -------------   --------        ------  -------
  3m            3m              1       ingress-controller                      Normal          CREATE  Ingress echoserver/echoserver
  3m            32s             3       ingress-controller                      Normal          UPDATE  Ingress echoserver/echoserver

The address seen above is the ALB's DNS record. This will be referenced via records created by external-dns.

Setup external-DNS to manage DNS automatically¶

Ensure your nodes (on which External DNS runs) have the correct IAM permission required for external-dns. See https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-dns/blob/master/docs/tutorials/aws.md#iam-permissions.

Download external-dns to manage Route 53.

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/v2.0.0/docs/examples/external-dns.yaml

Edit the --domain-filter flag to include your hosted zone(s)

The following example is for a hosted zone test-dns.com

args:
- --source=service
- --source=ingress
- --domain-filter=test-dns.com # will make ExternalDNS see only the hosted zones matching provided domain, omit to process all available hosted zones
- --provider=aws
- --policy=upsert-only # would prevent ExternalDNS from deleting any records, omit to enable full synchronization

Deploy external-dns
```
kubectl apply -f external-dns.yaml
```

Verify the DNS has propagated

dig echoserver.josh-test-dns.com

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;echoserver.josh-test-dns.com.  IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
echoserver.josh-test-dns.com. 60 IN     A       13.59.147.105
echoserver.josh-test-dns.com. 60 IN     A       18.221.65.39
echoserver.josh-test-dns.com. 60 IN     A       52.15.186.25

Once it has, you can make a call to echoserver and it should return a response payload.

curl echoserver.josh-test-dns.com

CLIENT VALUES:
client_address=10.0.50.185
command=GET
real path=/
query=nil
request_version=1.1
request_uri=http://echoserver.josh-test-dns.com:8080/

SERVER VALUES:
server_version=nginx: 1.10.0 - lua: 10001

HEADERS RECEIVED:
accept=*/*
host=echoserver.josh-test-dns.com
user-agent=curl/7.54.0
x-amzn-trace-id=Root=1-59c08da5-113347df69640735312371bd
x-forwarded-for=67.173.237.250
x-forwarded-port=80
x-forwarded-proto=http
BODY:

Kube2iam setup¶

follow below steps if you want to use kube2iam to provide the AWS credentials

configure the proper policy The policy to be used can be fetched from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/v2.0.0/docs/install/iam_policy.json
configure the proper role and create the trust relationship You have to find which role is associated with your K8S nodes. Once you found take note of the full arn:
```
arn:aws:iam::XXXXXXXXXXXX:role/k8scluster-node
```

create the role, called k8s-lb-controller, attach the above policy and add a Trust Relationship like:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "ec2.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::XXXXXXXXXXXX:role/k8scluster-node"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}

The new role will have a similar arn:

arn:aws:iam:::XXXXXXXXXXXX:role/k8s-lb-controller

update the alb-load-balancer-controller deployment

Add the annotations in the template's metadata point

spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
  app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  app.kubernetes.io/name: aws-load-balancer-controller
strategy:
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 1
    maxUnavailable: 1
  type: RollingUpdate
template:
  metadata:
    annotations:
      iam.amazonaws.com/role: arn:aws:iam:::XXXXXXXXXXXX:role/k8s-lb-controller